The one-fifth of men and women consuming the most dietary fiber—29 grams per day for men and 26 grams per day for women—compared to the one-fifth consuming the least (11-13 grams per day) were 22% less likely to die during an average follow-up of 9 years according to the a study from researchers at the U.S. National Cancer Institute.

Of interest was that men and women consuming the most fiber were 56-59% less likely to die from infectious diseases compared to people consuming the least.

5% more people given the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab (Repatha) to lower cholesterol levels died from cardiovascular causes during an average follow-up of 2.2 years than those given a placebo according to the FOURIER trial.

251 people (out of 13,784) given evolocumab died compared to 240 people (out of 13,780) given a placebo.

So they want me to take a drug that you have to inject that costs $14,000 per year that increases my chance of dying?

No, thank you.

4% more people given the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab (Repatha) to lower cholesterol levels died during an average follow-up of 2.2 years than those given a placebo according to the FOURIER trial.

444 people (out of 13,784) given evolocumab died compared to 426 people (out of 13,780) given a placebo.

So they want me to take a drug that you have to inject that costs $14,000 per year that increases my chance of dying?

No, thank you.

The one-fourth of women consuming the least amount of potassium—less than 1925 mg per day—were 14% more likely to die than women consuming more potassium than this after adjusting for multiple risk factors according to the 2014 Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study.

The risk of death was similar in each quarter of women consuming more potassium than this.

The second quarter of women who consumed 1925 to 2519 mg of potassium per day were 9% less likely to die during the 11 year follow-up than the one-quarter of women consuming the least potassium (less than 1925 mg per day).

The third quarter of women who consumed 2519 to 3194 mg of potassium per day were 16% less likely to die during the 11 year follow-up than the one-quarter of women consuming the least potassium (less than 1925 mg per day).

The quarter of women who consumed the most potassium—more than 3194 mg of potassium per day—were 10% less likely to die during the 11 year follow-up than the one-quarter of women consuming the least potassium (less than 1925 mg per day).

The Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS), the largest prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women with long-term follow-up, was used to assess whether higher dietary potassium consumption is associated with reduced risk of total, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, and all-cause mortality.

Women with normal blood pressure consuming the least amount of potassium—less than 1925 mg per day— were 32% more likely to have a stroke than women with normal blood pressure consuming more potassium than this after adjusting for multiple risk factors according to the 2014 Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study.

The risk of stroke in women with normal blood pressure was similar in each quarter of women consuming more potassium than this.

The second quarter of women with normal blood pressure who consumed 1925 to 2519 mg of potassium per day were 25% less likely to have a stroke during the 11 year follow-up than the one-quarter of women with normal blood pressure consuming the least potassium (less than 1925 mg per day).

The third quarter of women with normal blood pressure who consumed 2519 to 3194 mg of potassium per day were 25% less likely to have a stroke during the 11 year follow-up than the one-quarter of women with normal blood pressure consuming the least potassium (less than 1925 mg per day).

The quarter of women with normal blood pressure who consumed the most potassium—more than 3194 mg of potassium per day—were 21% less likely to have a stroke during the 11 year follow-up than the one-quarter of women with normal blood pressure consuming the least potassium (less than 1925 mg per day).

Men with Type 2 diabetes who were prescribed Viagra-type drugs for improving erections were 31% less likely to die than men of the same age who were not prescribed these drugs during an average follow-up of 7.5 years according to a recent study.

The risk of dying was 46% less after adjusting for age, kidney function, smoking status, prior stroke, hypertension, prior myocardial infarction, systolic blood pressure, use of statin, metformin, aspirin and β-blocker medication,

The study looked at the use of phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors which include sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), vardenafil (Levitra) and avanafil (Stendra).

Men with Type 2 diabetes who were prescribed Viagra-type drugs for improving erections were 38% less likely to have a heart attack compared to men who were not prescribed these drugs during an average follow-up of 7.5 years according to a recent study.

The study looked at the use of phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors which include sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), vardenafil (Levitra) and avanafil (Stendra).

A 400 mg increase in daily potassium intake was associated with a 40% reduction in the risk of stroke-associated death during a 12 year follow-up according to a 1987 study which followed 859 men and women, aged 50 to 79 years, in Southern California.

The two-thirds of women consuming the most potassium—more than 1911 mg of potassium per day—were 79% less likely to die from stroke during a 12-year follow-up than the one-third of women consuming the least potassium—less than 1911 mg of potassium per day—according to a 1987 study which followed 859 men and women, aged 50 to 79 years, in Southern California.

To say this the other way, the one-third of women consuming the least potassium—less than 1911 mg per day—were 4.8 times more likely to die from stroke than the two-thirds of women consuming the most potassium.

The two-thirds of men consuming the most potassium were 62% less likely to die from stroke during a 12-year follow-up than the one-third of men consuming the least potassium—less than 1911 mg of potassium per day—according to a 1987 study which followed 859 men and women, aged 50 to 79 years, in Southern California.

To say this the other way, the one-third of men consuming the least potassium were 2.6 times more likely to die from stroke than the two-thirds of men consuming the most potassium.

Women with a high milk consumption who consumed 3 or more glasses of milk per day and less than one serving of fruits and vegetables were 2.8 times more likely to die over some number of years compared to women with a low milk consumption who consumed less than one glass of milk per day according to a study that analyzed data from food frequency questionnaires completed by 61,420 women in a Swedish cohort (1987–1990 baseline) and 36,714 women from a second survey (1997).

“Dietary antioxidant intake [from fruits and vegetables], especially in women, seems to modify the elevated death rate associated with high milk consumption,” the authors of the study concluded.

Women with a high milk consumption who consumed 3 or more glasses of milk per day and 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables were 1.6 times more likely to die over some number of years compared to women with a low milk consumption who consumed less than one glass of milk per day according to a study that analyzed data from food frequency questionnaires completed by 61,420 women in a Swedish cohort (1987–1990 baseline) and 36,714 women from a second survey (1997).

“Dietary antioxidant intake [from fruits and vegetables], especially in women, seems to modify the elevated death rate associated with high milk consumption,” the authors of the study concluded.

Men with a high milk consumption who consumed 3 or more glasses of milk per day and less than one serving of fruits and vegetables were 31% more likely to die over some number of years compared to men with a low milk consumption who consumed less than one glass of milk per day according to a study that analyzed data from food frequency questionnaires completed by 45,280 Swedish men (1998 baseline).

“Dietary antioxidant intake [from fruits and vegetables], especially in women, seems to modify the elevated death rate associated with high milk consumption,” the authors of the study concluded.

Men with a high milk consumption who consumed 3 or more glasses of milk per day and 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables were 7% more likely to die over some number of years compared to men with a low milk consumption who consumed less than one glass of milk per day according to a study that analyzed data from food frequency questionnaires completed by 45,280 Swedish men (1998 baseline).

“Dietary antioxidant intake [from fruits and vegetables], especially in women, seems to modify the elevated death rate associated with high milk consumption,” the authors of the study concluded.

Men with low HDL cholesterol levels of 30 mg/dl or less were 81% more likely to die from cardiovascular disease during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than men with HDL levels of 41-50 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Men with low HDL cholesterol levels of 30 mg/dl or less were 61% times more likely to die from cancer during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than men with HDL levels of 41-50 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men and women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Men with low HDL cholesterol levels of 30 mg/dl or less were 2 times more likely to die from non-cancer and non-cardiovascular causes during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than men with HDL levels of 41-50 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men and women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Women with low HDL cholesterol levels of 30 mg/dl or less were 2.3 times more likely to die from cardiovascular disease during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than women with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men and women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Women with low HDL cholesterol levels of 30 mg/dl or less were 2 times more likely to die from cancer during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than women with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men and women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Women with low HDL cholesterol levels of 30 mg/dl or less were 2.9 times more likely to die from non-cancer and non-cardiovascular causes during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than women with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men and women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Men with high HDL cholesterol levels of greater than 90 mg/dl were 68% more likely to die (from any cause) during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than men with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

(12.1 per 1,000 men with HDL levels greater than 90 mg/dl died versus 7.2 men with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl. 12.1 divided by 7.2 equals 1.68.)

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Men with high HDL cholesterol levels of greater than 90 mg/dl were 47% more likely to die from cardiovascular disease during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than men with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

(2.8 per 1,000 men with HDL levels greater than 90 mg/dl died from cardiovascular disease versus 1.9 men with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl. 2.8 divided by 1.9 equals 1.47.)

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Men with high HDL cholesterol levels of greater than 90 mg/dl were 36% more likely to die from cancer during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than men with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

(3.4 per 1,000 men with HDL levels greater than 90 mg/dl died from cardiovascular disease versus 2.5 men with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl. 3.4 divided by 2.5 equals 1.36.)

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Men with high HDL cholesterol levels of greater than 90 mg/dl were 2.2 times more likely to die from causes other than dying from cancer or cardiovascular disease (119% more likely) during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than men with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

(5.9 per 1,000 men with HDL levels greater than 90 mg/dl died from cardiovascular disease versus 2.7 men with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl. 5.9 divided by 2.7 equals 2.19.)

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to men with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Women with high HDL cholesterol levels of greater than 90 mg/dl were 21% more likely to die (from any cause) during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than women with HDL levels of 61-70 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

(6.8 per 1,000 women with HDL levels greater than 90 mg/dl died versus 5.6 women with HDL levels of 51-60 mg/dl. 12.1 divided by 7.2 equals 1.68.)

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Women with high HDL cholesterol levels of greater than 90 mg/dl were 0% more likely to die from cardiovascular disease during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than women with HDL levels of 61-70 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

(1.6 per 1,000 women with HDL levels greater than 90 mg/dl died versus 1.6 women with HDL levels of 61-70 mg/dl. 1.6 divided by 1.6 equals 1.0.)

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Women with high HDL cholesterol levels of greater than 90 mg/dl were 100% more likely to die from cancer during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than women with HDL levels of 61-70 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

(2.2 per 1,000 women with HDL levels greater than 90 mg/dl died versus 2.0 women with HDL levels of 61-70 mg/dl. 2.2 divided by 2.0 equals 1.10.)

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Women with high HDL cholesterol levels of greater than 90 mg/dl were 50% more likely to die from causes other than dying from cancer or cardiovascular disease during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than women with HDL levels of 61-70 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

(3.0 per 1,000 women with HDL levels greater than 90 mg/dl died versus 2.0 women with HDL levels of 61-70 mg/dl. 3.0 divided by 2.0 equals 1.50.)

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

Women with high HDL cholesterol levels of greater than 90 mg/dl were 50% times more likely to die from other causes other than dying from cancer or cardiovascular disease during an average follow-up of 4.9 years than women with HDL levels of 61-70 mg/dl according to a 2016 study from Canada.

(3.0 per 1,000 women with HDL levels greater than 90 mg/dl died from cardiovascular disease versus 2.0 women with HDL levels of 61-70 mg/dl. 3.0 divided by 2.0 equals 1.5.)

The study found that HDL levels that were either too high (>90 mg/dl) or too low (≤30 mg/dl) were associated with an increased risk of death when compared to women with more moderate HDL levels (41-80 mg/dl).

The average age of cancer onset in women drinking 10 or more cups of green tea per day was delayed by 7 years when compared to women who drank 3 cups of green tea or less—74-years-old versus 67-years-old—according to a recent study.

The average age of cancer onset in men drinking 10 or more cups of green tea per day was delayed by 3 years when compared to men who drank 3 cups of green tea or less—67-years-old versus 65-years-old—according to a recent study.

Men consuming 10 cups or more of green tea per day lived roughly 4 years longer than men who consumed 3 cups of green tea per day or less—75 years compared to 71.2 years—according to a study of 8,552 general residents in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Men consuming over 10 cups of green tea per day were 46% less likely to get cancer over some number of years of follow-up compared to men who consumed less than 3 cups of green tea per day according to a study of 8,552 general residents in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Women consuming over 10 cups of green tea per day lived 6 years longer than women who consumed 3 cups of green tea per day or less—80.9 years compared to 74.9 years—according to a study of 8,552 general residents in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Women consuming over 10 cups of green tea per day were 43% less likely to get cancer over some number of years of follow-up compared to women who consumed less than 3 cups of green tea per day according to a study of 8,552 general residents in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Men consuming over 10 cups of green tea per day were 42% less likely to die from cardiovascular disease over some number of years of follow-up compared to men who consumed less than 3 cups of green tea per day according to a study of 8,552 general residents in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Women consuming over 10 cups of green tea per day were 18% less likely to die from cardiovascular disease over some number of years of follow-up compared to women who consumed less than 3 cups of green tea per day according to a study of 8,552 general residents in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

People consuming 100-199 mg of caffeine per day were 6% less likely to have died during a 23 year follow-up (1981-2004) compared to those consuming less than 50 mg per day according to the Leisure World Cohort Study.

“Moderate caffeine consumption appeared beneficial in risking risk of death,” the authors of the paper concluded.

People consuming 200-399 mg of caffeine per day were 10% less likely to have died during a 23 year follow-up (1981-2004) compared to those consuming less than 50 mg per day according to the Leisure World Cohort Study.

“Moderate caffeine consumption appeared beneficial in risking risk of death,” the authors of the paper concluded.

People consuming more than one can of artificially-sweetened cola per week were 18% more likely to have died during a 23 year follow-up (1981-2004) compared to those consuming none according to the Leisure World Cohort Study.