Proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s) increase the risk of major depression according to a study from Taiwan.

People taking 31-120 doses per year were 10% more likely (1.1 times more likely) to have major depression than non-users.

(This difference did not quite reach statistical significance, but was very close—close enough for me.)

People taking 121-365 doses per year were 61% more likely (1.6 times more likely) to have major depression than non-users.

People taking more than 365 doses per year were 108% more likely (2.1 times more likely) to have major depression than non-users.

The risk of subsequent major depression after starting various PPI’s is shown below.

Patients 75 years and older taking a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) were 38% more likely to have any type of dementia and 44% more likely to have Alzheimer’s than non-users according to a study from Germany.

Regular use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s) in the elderly were associated with a 44% greater risk of dementia according to an analysis from researchers at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Bonn, Germany.